Political Theory By Rajeev Bhargava Pdf To Jpg
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Contents. Education He received his B.A. Degree in Economics from the, followed by M.Phil and D.Phil from. Career Bhargava started his academic career at in 1979, in the following year he joined the Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi where he worked till 2005, when he joined Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi as a Senior Fellow and Former Director. Over the years, he has remained Faculty Fellow in Ethics at, Leverhulme Fellow at, Senior Fellow at, Visiting Fellow of the, and held the Asia Chair at Sciences Po Paris in 2006 Selected works. Multiculturalism, Liberalism and Democracy (OUP, 1999).
Political Theory By Rajeev Bhargava Pdf To Jpg Converter
This book looks into the cultural dimension of political and political dimensions of identity and culture. Politics and Ethics of the Indian Constitution (OUP, 2008). This book examines Indian constitution from the perspective of political theory.
What is Political Theory why do we need it? (OUP, Delhi, 2010). In this book Bhargava clarifies concepts like secularism, multiculturalism, socialism, individualism and ethnocentrism etc. The Promise of India's secular democracy (OUP, Delhi, 2010). This book explores the politics of secularism in India. Secular States and Religious Diversity (UBC Press, Vancouver, 2013). He gave the concept of model of secularism as an alternative model to be more suitable for a heterogeneous society like India.
References. – The World Economic Forum is a Swiss nonprofit foundation, based in Cologny, Geneva. The Forum is best known for its meeting at the end of January in Davos. The meeting brings together some 2,500 top business leaders, international leaders, economists. Often this location alone is used to identify meetings, participation, and participants with such phrases as, a Davos panel, beside meetings, the foundation produces a series of research reports and engages its members in sector specific initiatives.
The forum was founded in 1971 by Klaus Schwab, a German-born business professor at the University of Geneva and he then founded the WEF as a nonprofit organization based in Geneva and drew European business leaders to Davos for the annual meetings each January. Political leaders soon began to use the meeting as a neutral platform. The Davos Declaration was signed in 1988 by Greece and Turkey, in 1992, South African President F. De Klerk met with Nelson Mandela and Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi at the annual meeting, their first joint appearance outside South Africa. At the 1994 annual meeting, Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and PLO chairman Yasser Arafat reached an agreement on Gaza.
In late 2015, the invitation was extended to include a North Korean delegation for the 2016 forum, in view of positive signs coming out of the country, North Korea has not been attending the WEF since 1998. In 2017, the World Economic Forum in Davos attracted considerable attention when for the first time and he sharply rebuked the current populist movements that would introduce tariffs and hinder global commerce, warning that such protectionism could foster isolation and reduced economic opportunity. Headquartered in Cologny, the forum also has offices in New York, Beijing, on October 10,2016, the Forum announced the opening of its new Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in San Francisco. The World Economic Forum strives to be impartial and is not tied to any political, partisan, the foundation is committed to improving the State of the World. Until 2012, it had observer status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the foundations highest governance body is the foundation board. During its annual meeting, more than 2,500 participants from slightly fewer than 100 countries gather in Davos, approximately 1,500 are business leaders, drawn from its members,1,000 of the worlds top companies.
The foundation is funded by its 1,000 member companies and these enterprises rank among the top companies within their industry and/or country and play a leading role in shaping the future of their industry and/or region. Membership is stratified by the level of engagement with forum activities, with the level of membership fees increasing as participation in meetings, projects, and initiatives rises. As of 2011, an annual membership costs $52,000 for a member, $263,000 for Industry Partner. An admission fee costs $19,000 per person, in 2014, WEF raised annual fees by 20 percent, making the cost for Strategic Partner from SFr500,000 to SFr600,000 2. – The Centre for the Study of Developing Societies is an Indian research institute for the social sciences and humanities.
It was founded in 1963 by Rajni Kothari and is funded by the Indian Council of Social Science Research. It is located in New Delhi, close to Delhi University, Kothari left his position as assistant director of the National Institute of Community Development in 1963 to start the CSDS.
It was housed initially in a owned by the Indian Adult Education Association at Indraprastha Estate. CSDS later moved in 1966-1967 to its present location, the library at CSDS started with a few bookshelves in the basement of IAEA and grew up into a full-fledged one by 1970. It is meant primarily for research and higher learning in the field of sciences and humanities. The collection consists of about 29,000 books and 5,000 bound volumes of journals, more than 130 journals are received regularly. There is a collection of Hindi books covering a broad range of subjects including literature.
The access to the collection has been computerized and the catalogue can be accessed through any computer in the centre, the CSDS library is a member of the Developing Libraries Network and the Social Science Libraries Network. The CSDS Data Unit, established in 1965, maintains an archive of data on political behaviour and attitudes. The unit also holds a number of data sets, especially on elections in India. Programmes in the Centre include, Lokniti Programme for Comparative Democracy The Sarai Programme Programme in Social and Political Theory Indian Language Programme Official website 3.
– India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed.
Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire.
The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country.
However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River.
The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata.
Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety 4. – This can happen when a jurisdiction is created or expanded by amalgamating areas with two or more different cultures or through immigration from different jurisdictions around the world. Multiculturalism has been described as a bowl and cultural mosaic. Two different and seemingly inconsistent strategies have developed through different government policies and strategies, the first focuses on interaction and communication between different cultures, this approach is also often known as interculturalism.
The second centers on diversity and cultural uniqueness which can result in intercultural competition over jobs among other things. Cultural isolation can protect the uniqueness of the culture of a nation or area.
A common aspect of many policies following the approach is that they avoid presenting any specific ethnic, religious. Multiculturalism centers on the thought in political philosophy about the way to respond to cultural and it is closely associated with identity politics, the politics of difference, and the politics of recognition. It is also a matter of economic interests and political power, Multiculturalism can refer to a demographic fact, a particular set of philosophical ideas, or a specific orientation by government or institutions toward a diverse population.
Most of the debate over multiculturalism centers around whether or not public multiculturalism is the way to deal with diversity. The term multiculturalism is most often used in reference to Western nation-states, the Canadian government has often been described as the instigator of multicultural ideology because of its public emphasis on the social importance of immigration. The Canadian Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism is often referred to as the origins of political awareness of multiculturalism. In the Western English-speaking countries, multiculturalism as an national policy started in Canada in 1971.
It was quickly adopted as policy by most member-states of the European Union. Recently, right-of-center governments in several European states—notably the Netherlands and Denmark— have reversed the national policy, a similar reversal is the subject of debate in the United Kingdom, among others, due to evidence of incipient segregation and anxieties over home-grown terrorism. Many nation-states in Africa, Asia, and the Americas are culturally diverse, in some, communalism is a major political issue. The Australian government retains multiculturalism in policy, and as an aspect of Australia today. The White Australia Policy was quietly dismantled after World War II by various changes to immigration policy, the election of John Howards Liberal-National Coalition government in 1996 was a major watershed for Australian multiculturalism. Howard had long been a critic of multiculturalism, releasing his One Australia policy in the late 1980s, the first edition was published in 1999 5.
– Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institutions and religious dignitaries. Another manifestation of secularism is the view that public activities and decisions, especially political ones, the purposes and arguments in support of secularism vary widely. In European laicism, it has argued that secularism is a movement toward modernization. This type of secularism, on a social or philosophical level, has occurred while maintaining an official state church or other state support of religion. Within countries as well, differing political movements support secularism for varying reasons, the term secularism was first used by the British writer George Jacob Holyoake in 1851.
Although the term was new, the notions of freethought on which it was based had existed throughout history. Holyoake invented the term secularism to describe his views of promoting a social order separate from religion, an agnostic himself, Holyoake argued that Secularism is not an argument against Christianity, it is one independent of it. It does not question the pretensions of Christianity, it advances others, Secularism does not say there is no light or guidance elsewhere, but maintains that there is light and guidance in secular truth, whose conditions and sanctions exist independently, and act forever. Barry Kosmin of the Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society, according to Kosmin, the hard secularist considers religious propositions to be epistemologically illegitimate, warranted by neither reason nor experience. In political terms, secularism is a movement towards the separation of religion and this can refer to reducing ties between a government and a state religion, replacing laws based on scripture with civil laws, and eliminating discrimination on the basis of religion. This is said to add to democracy by protecting the rights of religious minorities, what all secular governments, from the democratic to the authoritarian, share is a concern about the relationship between the church and the state.
Each secular government may find its own unique policy prescriptions for dealing with that concern, maharaja Ranjeet Singh of the Sikh empire of the first half of the 19th century successfully established a secular rule in the Punjab. Ranjit Singh also extensively funded education, religion, and arts of various different religions, Secularism is most often associated with the Age of Enlightenment in Europe and it plays a major role in Western society. The principles, but not necessarily the practices, of separation of church and state in the United States, Secular states also existed in the Islamic world during the Middle Ages.
Due in part to the belief in the separation of church and state, the most significant forces of religious fundamentalism in the contemporary world are Christian fundamentalism and Islamic fundamentalism. At the same time, one significant stream of secularism has come from religious minorities who see governmental and political secularism as integral to the preservation of equal rights, in studies of religion, modern democracies are generally recognized as secular.
This is due to the freedom of religion, and the lack of authority of religious leaders over political decisions. Nevertheless, religious beliefs are considered by many people to be a relevant part of the political discourse in many of these countries 6. – The University of Delhi informally known as Delhi University is a public central collegiate university, located in New Delhi, India. The University of Delhi was established in 1922 as a unitary, teaching, the University was originally to be named Prince Charles University.
He suggested the name by which it is known today, the university thus had modest beginnings with only four colleges, two faculties, and about 750 students. The seat of power in British India had been transferred from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911, the Viceregal Lodge Estate became the residence of the Viceroy of India until October,1933, when it was given to the University of Delhi.
Since then, it has housed the office of the vice-chancellor, when Sir Maurice Gwyer came to India to serve as Chief Justice of British India, he was nominated as Vice-Chancellor of University of Delhi. Daulat Singh Kothari in Physics, Prof. Sheshadri in Chemistry, Prof. Panchanan Maheshwari in Botany, Sir Maurice Gwyer is also called the maker of university.
He served the post of vice-chancellor till 1950. S, twenty-five years later the golden jubilee celebrations of 1973 were attended by then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, Satyajit Ray, Amrita Pritam and M S Subbulakshmi. The University has grown one of the largest universities in India. There are also 261,169 students in non-formal education programme, five departments namely Chemistry, Geology, Zoology, Sociology and History have been awarded the status of the Centres of Advanced Studies. These Centres of Advanced Studies have carved a niche for themselves as centres of excellence in teaching, in addition, a good number of university departments are also receiving grants under the Special Assistance Programme of the UGC in recognition of their outstanding academic work. DU is one of the most sought after institution of education in India. It is also among the university with highest publication count in India, K.
Laxman, Scientist CNR Rao and former Prime Minister of United Kingdom - Gordon Brown. There are about 77 colleges affiliated to the University of Delhi, There are two main campuses of the University, the North Campus & the South Campus. North Campus hosts the three founding colleges of the university which constituted the University of Delhi when it was founded, ramjas College, St. Stephens College and Shri Ram College of Commerce. The extended off campus also has colleges in Old Rajendra Nagar, Pitampura, the campus also houses other centres and institutes of Delhi which includes Cluster Innovation Centre, Delhi School of Economics, etc. It moved to its present location on Benito Juarez Road, near Dhaula Kuan, the Campus is spread across 28 hectares of green, hilly terrain and its buildings blend attractively with the natural surroundings.
The various Departments are located in the Faculty of Arts, Inter-disciplinary, Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences & Humanities, The faculty has two departments namely - Business Economics and Slavonic & Finno-Ugrian Studies. Faculty of Commerce and Business Studies, It has two departments, - Commerce Financial Studies, Faculty of Education, There is only one department of Faculty of Education i. Department of Education 7. – The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris, after disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two ancient universities are frequently referred to as Oxbridge. The university is made up of a variety of institutions, including 38 constituent colleges, All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university, each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities.
Being a city university, it not have a main campus, instead, its buildings. Oxford is the home of the Rhodes Scholarship, one of the worlds oldest and most prestigious scholarships, the university operates the worlds oldest university museum, as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system in Britain. Oxford has educated many notable alumni, including 28 Nobel laureates,27 Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, the University of Oxford has no known foundation date. Teaching at Oxford existed in form as early as 1096. It grew quickly in 1167 when English students returned from the University of Paris, the historian Gerald of Wales lectured to such scholars in 1188 and the first known foreign scholar, Emo of Friesland, arrived in 1190.
The head of the university had the title of chancellor from at least 1201, the university was granted a royal charter in 1248 during the reign of King Henry III. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled from the violence to Cambridge, the students associated together on the basis of geographical origins, into two nations, representing the North and the South. In later centuries, geographical origins continued to many students affiliations when membership of a college or hall became customary in Oxford. At about the time, private benefactors established colleges as self-contained scholarly communities. Among the earliest such founders were William of Durham, who in 1249 endowed University College, thereafter, an increasing number of students lived in colleges rather than in halls and religious houses. In 1333–34, an attempt by some dissatisfied Oxford scholars to found a new university at Stamford, Lincolnshire was blocked by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge petitioning King Edward III. Thereafter, until the 1820s, no new universities were allowed to be founded in England, even in London, thus, Oxford and Cambridge had a duopoly, the new learning of the Renaissance greatly influenced Oxford from the late 15th century onwards.
Among university scholars of the period were William Grocyn, who contributed to the revival of Greek language studies, and John Colet, the noted biblical scholar. With the English Reformation and the breaking of communion with the Roman Catholic Church, recusant scholars from Oxford fled to continental Europe, as a centre of learning and scholarship, Oxfords reputation declined in the Age of Enlightenment, enrolments fell and teaching was neglected 8. Stephens College is a constituent college of the University of Delhi located in Delhi, India. It is a Christian college under Church of North India and widely regarded as one of the oldest and most prestigious colleges for arts and sciences in India and it was established by the Cambridge Mission to Delhi. The college admits undergraduates and post-graduates, and awards degrees in liberal arts and sciences under the purview of the DU. The other major aim for the foundation of the college was response to British Indian Governments policy of promoting English education in India and it was the Reverend Samuel Scott Allnutt of St. Johns College, Cambridge, who was mainly responsible for founding the college.
Finally on 1 February 1881, in support of the work of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, the Reverend Samuel Scott Allnutt served as its first principal. In 1906, Principal The Rev. Hibbert Ware abdicated his post in favour of Susil Kumar Rudra who became the first Indian to head an educational institution in India.
The decision was frowned upon at the time, but Principal Susil Kumar Rudra proved to have a tenure of extraordinary importance for the college. Currently, a portrait of Reverend C. Andrews is hung beside the portrait of his good friend Rabindranath Tagore in the Principals office. It is also believed that Rabindranath Tagore completed the English translation of Gitanjali, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Reverend Samuel Scott Allnutt, First Principal, the Reverend G Hibbert Ware, Third Principal. The Reverend Francis Frank Monk, Fifth Principal, the Reverend William Shaw Rajpal, Ninth Principal.
John H Hala, Tenth Principal, the Reverend Valson Thampu, Twelfth Principal. John Vargheese, Thirteenth Principal 2016–present The badge is a crown on a field of martyrs red within a five-pointed star edged with Cambridge blue. Stephens College is an institution of higher learning. It is regarded as one of the best colleges in the country, nationwide surveys such as those by India Today and The Week have consistently described the college as amongst the best colleges in India for both arts and sciences. It is one of the three founding colleges of University of Delhi, along with Hindu College and Ramjas College, in spite of its location in North India, the college has always striven to admit students and select teachers from all communities and from all parts of India. It also admits a number of students from overseas.
The college offers a number of scholarships and awards to meritorious students and these are endowed over a period of time 9. – Although never formally affiliated with any denomination, the early College primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, james Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war. The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College, Harvards $34.5 billion financial endowment is the largest of any academic institution. Harvard is a large, highly residential research university, the nominal cost of attendance is high, but the Universitys large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. Harvards alumni include eight U. Presidents, several heads of state,62 living billionaires,359 Rhodes Scholars.
To date, some 130 Nobel laureates,18 Fields Medalists, Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, it obtained British North Americas first known printing press, in 1639 it was named Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard an alumnus of the University of Cambridge who had left the school £779 and his scholars library of some 400 volumes. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650 and it offered a classic curriculum on the English university model—many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge—but conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any denomination, but many of its earliest graduates went on to become clergymen in Congregational.
The leading Boston divine Increase Mather served as president from 1685 to 1701, in 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, which marked a turning of the college toward intellectual independence from Puritanism. When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804, in 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College. Agassizs approach was distinctly idealist and posited Americans participation in the Divine Nature, agassizs perspective on science combined observation with intuition and the assumption that a person can grasp the divine plan in all phenomena. When it came to explaining life-forms, Agassiz resorted to matters of shape based on an archetype for his evidence. Eliot, president 1869–1909, eliminated the position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction.
While Eliot was the most crucial figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated not by a desire to secularize education, during the 20th century, Harvards international reputation grew as a burgeoning endowment and prominent professors expanded the universitys scope. Rapid enrollment growth continued as new schools were begun and the undergraduate College expanded. Radcliffe College, established in 1879 as sister school of Harvard College, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. In the early 20th century, the student body was predominately old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, by the 1970s it was much more diversified 10. – The University of Bristol is a red brick research university located in Bristol, United Kingdom. It received its charter in 1909, and its predecessor institution, University College. Bristol is organised into six academic faculties composed of multiple schools, the university had a total income of £565.8 million in 2015/16, of which £146.2 million was from research grants and contracts.
It is the largest independent employer in Bristol, the University of Bristol is ranked 11th in the UK for its research, according to the Research Excellence Framework 2014 by GPA. The University of Bristol is ranked 37th by the QS World University Rankings 2015-16, and is ranked amongst the top of UK universities by QS, THE, a highly selective institution, it has an average of 6.4 to 13.1 applicants for each undergraduate place.
Current academics include 21 fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences,13 fellows of the British Academy,13 fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering and 44 fellows of the Royal Society. In addition, the university holds an Erasmus Charter, sending more than 500 students per year to partner institutions in Europe, the earliest antecedent of the university was the engineering department of the Merchant Venturers Technical College which became the engineering faculty of Bristol University. The university was preceded by Bristol Medical School and University College, Bristol, founded in 1876.
The university was able to apply for a royal charter due to the support of the Wills and Fry families. The Wills Family made a vast fortune from the tobacco industry, the royal charter was gained in May 1909, with 288 undergraduates and 400 other students entering the university in October 1909. Henry Overton Wills III became its first chancellor, the University College was the first such institution in the country to admit women on the same basis as men. However, women were forbidden to take examinations in medicine until 1906, Bristol does not have a campus but is spread over a considerable geographic area.
Most of its activities, however, are concentrated in the area of the city centre and it is a member of the Russell Group of research-led UK universities, the Coimbra Group of leading European universities and the Worldwide Universities Network. After the founding of the University College in 1876, Government support began in 1889, in December 1909, the King granted such a charter and erected the University of Bristol. Henry Wills became its first chancellor and Conwy Lloyd Morgan the first vice-chancellor, Wills died in 1911 and in tribute his sons George and Harry built the Wills Memorial Building, starting in 1913 and finally finishing in 1925. Today, it parts of the academic provision for earth sciences and law.
The Wills Memorial Building is a Grade II. listed building, in 1920, George Wills bought the Victoria Rooms and endowed them to the university as a Students Union. The building now houses the Department of Music and is a Grade II.
listed building, at the point of foundation, the university was required to provide for the local community 11. – The British Academy is the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It receives a grant from the Department for Business, Innovation. In 2014/15 the British Academys total income was £33,100,000, including £27,000,000 from BIS. £32,900,000 was distributed during the year in grants, awards. The British Academy was established in 1902 and received its Royal Charter in the same year and it is now a fellowship of more than 900 leading scholars spanning all disciplines across the humanities and social sciences. The Academy is a self-governing and independent registered charity, based at 10–11 Carlton House Terrace in London, as a learned society, it seeks to foster and promote the full range of work that makes up the humanities and social sciences, including inter- and multi-disciplinary work.
Until 1927–28 the Academy had no premises, then it moved to some rooms in No.6 Burlington Gardens. In 1968 it moved the short distance to Burlington House and it subsequently moved to headquarters near Regents Park. Then in 1998 the Academy moved to its present headquarters in Carlton House Terrace, overlooking St Jamess Park, the Terrace was designed by John Nash and built in the 1820s and 1830s. Number 10 was formerly the London residence of the Ridley family, in March 2010, the Academy embarked on a £2.
75m project to renovate and restore the public rooms in No. 11, following the departure of former tenant the Foreign Press Association, the work was completed in January 2011 and the new spaces include a new 150-seat Wolfson Auditorium are available for public hire. The history, problems and achievements of the Academy have been recorded in works by two of its Secretaries, Sir Frederic Kenyon’s volume of 37 pages covers the years up to 1951, Sir Mortimer Wheeler’s volume covers the years 1949 to 1968. Election as a Fellow of the British Academy recognises high scholarly distinction in the humanities or social sciences, fellows may use the letters FBA after their names. The British Academy channels substantial public funding support for individuals and organisations pursuing humanities and social sciences research and scholarship in the UK.
In 2014/15, the Academy received around £30m to support research and researchers across the humanities, funds available to the Academy were invested in the following main areas, research career development, a portfolio of research grant opportunities, and international engagement. The demand and quality of applications submitted for Academy funding remains high and this year the Academy received around 3,600 applications and made 588 awards to scholars based in around 100 different universities across the UK – a success rate of 16%. The Academy also funds and coordinates a network of overseas institutes which provide local expertise, logistical support, as the UKs national voice for the humanities and social sciences, the British Academy seeks to promote and protect the interests and health of these disciplines and their research base. The Centre was established in October 2009 initially funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and it oversees a programme of activity engaging the expertise within the humanities and social sciences to shed light on policy issues. It produces substantive reports making recommendations on policy and practice 12. – Principled Distance is a new model of secularism given by Rajeev Bhargava. It is different from model of secularism which is the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institutions.
He says that Indian secularism did not erect a wall of separation. Morever, by balancing the claims of individuals and religious communities, in India, secularism means equal treatment of all religions. Religion in India continues to assert its authority in matters of personal law. The Haj subsidy is a given to Indian Muslim Hajj pilgrims by the Government of India. The program has its origins in British colonial era, in post-colonial era, the Nehru government expanded the program in 1959 with the Hajj Act. The subsidy and taxpayer funded arrangements initially applied to Muslim Indian pilgrims traveling for religious reasons to Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq, since 1973, pilgrims applying through the Haj Committee of India are offered a concessionary fare on Air India. Wakf is a permanent dedication of movable or immovable properties for religious, pious or charitable purposes as recognized by Muslim Law, the grant is known as mushrut-ul-khidmat, while a person making such dedication is known as Wakif.
The Board presents itself as the body of Muslim opinion in India. A role for which it has criticised as well as supported But on the other hand, through judgement. The apex court said on Wednesday that the laws of land has to get primacy over personal law till the country achieves Uniform Civil Code as provided in Article 44 of the Constitution 13. – The Hindu is an English-language Indian daily newspaper. Headquartered at Chennai, The Hindu was published weekly when it was launched in 1878 and it is the second most circulated English-language newspaper in India, with average qualifying sales of 1.45 million copies as of Jan−Jun 2016.
The Hindu has its largest base of circulation in southern India, the newspaper and other publications in The Hindu Group are owned by a family-held company, Kasturi and Sons Ltd. In 2010, The newspaper employs over 1,600 workers, most of the revenue comes from advertising and subscription. The Hindu became, in 1995, the first Indian newspaper to offer an online edition, started in order to support the campaign of Sir T. About 80 copies of the issue were printed at Srinidhi Press, Georgetown on one rupee.
Subramania Iyer became the first editor and Veera Raghavacharya, the first managing director of the newspaper, the paper initially printed from Srinidhi Press but later moved on Scottish Press, then, The Hindu Press, Mylapore, and finally to the National Press on Mount Road. Started as a newspaper, the paper became a tri-weekly in 1883. A single copy of the newspaper was priced at four annas, the offices moved to rented premises at 100 Mount Road on 3 December 1883.
The newspaper started printing at its own press there, named The National Press, the Hindu was initially liberal in its outlook and is now considered left leaning. Its editorial stances have earned it the nickname, the Maha Vishnu of Mount Road, in between, there were more views than news. The partnership between Veeraraghavachariar and Subramania Iyer was dissolved in October 1898, Iyer quit the paper and Veeraraghavachariar became the sole owner and appointed C.
However, The Hindus adventurousness began to decline in the 1900s and so did its circulation, Kasturi Ranga Iyengars ancestors had served the courts of Vijayanagar and Mahratta Tanjore. Since then the newspaper has been owned entirely by the members of the Kasturi Ranga Iyengar family, in the late 1980s, when its ownership passed into the hands of the familys younger members, a change in political leaning was observed.
Org lists The Hindu as an independent newspaper. Joint managing director N. Murali said in July 2003, It is true that our readers have been complaining that some of our reports are partial, but it also depends on reader beliefs. On 3 and 23 September 2003, the letters column carried responses from readers saying the editorial was biased. In 1987–88, The Hindus coverage of the Bofors arms deal scandal, the investigation was led by a part-time correspondent of The Hindu, Chitra Subramaniam, reporting from Geneva, and was supported by Ram in Chennai 14. – India Today is an Indian English-language fortnightly news magazine and news television channel. India Today was established in 1975 by Vidya Vilas Purie, with his daughter Madhu Trehan as its editor, at present, India Today is also published in Hindi, Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu.
The India Today news channel was launched on 22 May 2015 15. – The Times of India is an Indian English-language daily newspaper.
It is the fourth-largest newspaper in India by circulation and largest selling English-language daily in the according to Audit Bureau of Circulations. It is the oldest English-language newspaper in India still in circulation, in 1991, the BBC ranked The Times of India among the worlds six best newspapers. It is owned and published by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Which is owned by the Sahu Jain family. In 2014 however, The Times of India was ranked 174th among Indias most trusted brands according to the Brand Trust Report 2014, the Times of India issued its first edition 3 November 1838 as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce. In 1850, it began to publish daily editions, in 1860, editor Robert Knight bought the Indian shareholders interests, merged with rival Bombay Standard, and started Indias first news agency.
It wired Times dispatches to papers across the country and became the Indian agent for Reuters news service, in 1861, he changed the name from the Bombay Times and Standard to The Times of India. In the 19th century, this company employed more than 800 people and had a sizeable circulation in India. In 1946, Bennett Coleman & Co, Ltd was sold to sugar magnate Ramkrishna Dalmia of the then-famous industrial family, the Dalmiyas, for Rs 20 million, as India was becoming independent and the British owners were leaving.
In the court case followed, Ramkrishna Dalmia was sentenced to two years in Tihar Jail after having been convicted of embezzlement and fraud. But for most of the term he managed to spend in hospital. Upon his release, his son-in-law, Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain, to whom he had entrusted the running of Bennett, in the early 1960s, Shanti Prasad Jain was imprisoned on charges of selling newsprint on the black market. Based on the pleading, Justice directed the Government to assume control of the newspaper which resulted in replacing half of the directors, curiously, the court appointed D K Kunte as Chairman of the Board. Kunte had no business experience and was also an Opposition member of the Lok Sabha.
In 1976, during the Emergency in India, the Government transferred ownership of the back to Ashok Kumar Jain. The move was a critique of Prime Minister Indira Gandhis 21-month state of emergency, in late 2006, Times Group acquired Vijayanand Printers Limited. VPL previously published two Kannada newspapers, Vijay Karnataka and Usha Kiran, and an English daily, Vijay Times, Vijay Karnataka was the leader in the Kannada newspaper segment then. The paper launched a Chennai edition,12 April 2008 and it launched a Kolhapur edition, February 2013 16.
– Queens University at Kingston is a public research university in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Founded on 16 October 1841 via a charter issued by Queen Victoria. Queens holds more than 1,400 hectares of land throughout Ontario and owns Herstmonceux Castle in East Sussex, Queens is organized into ten undergraduate, graduate and professional faculties and schools. The Church of Scotland established Queens College in 1841 with a charter from Queen Victoria. The first classes, intended to prepare students for the ministry, were held 7 March 1842 with 13 students, Queens was the first university west of the maritime provinces to admit women and to form a student government.
In 1883, a college for medical education affiliated with Queens University was established. In 1888, Queens University began offering courses, becoming the first Canadian university to do so. In 1912, Queens secularized and changed to its present legal name, Queens is a co-educational university, with more than 23,000 students, and with over 131,000 living alumni worldwide.
Notable alumni include government officials, academics, business leaders and 57 Rhodes Scholars, Queens varsity teams, known as the Golden Gaels, compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports. Queens was a result of an outgrowth of educational initiatives planned by Presbyterians in the 1830s, a draft plan for the university was presented at a synod meeting in Kingston in 1839, with a modified bill introduced through the 13th Parliament of Upper Canada during a session in 1840. On 16 October 1841, a charter was issued through Queen Victoria establishing Queens College at Kingston. They modelled the university after the University of Edinburgh and the University of Glasgow, classes began on 7 March 1842, in a small wood-frame house on the edge of the city with two professors and 15 students. The college moved several times during its first eleven years, before settling in its present location, prior to Canadian Confederation, the college was financially supported by the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, the Canadian government and private citizens. The college was rescued after Principal William Snodgrass and other created a fundraising campaign across Canada.
The risk of financial ruin continued to worry the administration until the final decade. They actively considered leaving Kingston and merging with the University of Toronto as late as the 1880s, with the additional funds bequeathed from Queens first major benefactor, Robert Sutherland, the college staved off financial failure and maintained its independence. Queens was given university status on 17 May 1881, in 1883, Womens Medical College was founded at Queens with a class of three. Theological Hall, completed in 1880, originally served as Queens main building throughout the late 19th century, in 1912, Queens separated from the Presbyterian Church of Scotland and changed its name to Queens University at Kingston.
In Strategy: A History, Sir Lawrence Freedman, one of the world's leading authorities on war and international politics, captures the vast history of strategic thinking, in a consistently engaging and insightful account of how strategy came to pervade every aspect of our lives. The range of Freedman's narrative is extraordinary, moving from the surprisingly advanced strategy practiced in primate groups, to the opposing strategies of Achilles and Odysseus in The Iliad, the strategic advice of Sun Tzu and Machiavelli, the great military innovations of Baron Henri de Jomini and Carl von Clausewitz, the grounding of revolutionary strategy in class struggles by Marx, the insights into corporate strategy found in Peter Drucker and Alfred Sloan, and the contributions of the leading social scientists working on strategy today. The core issue at the heart of strategy, the author notes, is whether it is possible to manipulate and shape our environment rather than simply become the victim of forces beyond one's control.
Time and again, Freedman demonstrates that the inherent unpredictability of this environment-subject to chance events, the efforts of opponents, the missteps of friends-provides strategy with its challenge and its drama. Armies or corporations or nations rarely move from one predictable state of affairs to another, but instead feel their way through a series of states, each one not quite what was anticipated, requiring a reappraisal of the original strategy, including its ultimate objective.
Thus the picture of strategy that emerges in this book is one that is fluid and flexible, governed by the starting point, not the end point. A brilliant overview of the most prominent strategic theories in history, from David's use of deception against Goliath, to the modern use of game theory in economics, this masterful volume sums up a lifetime of reflection on strategy. Sir Lawrence Freedman, Professor of War Studies, King's College London, UK Lawrence Freedman has been Professor of War Studies at King's College London since 1982, and Vice-Principal since 2003. Elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1995 and awarded the CBE in 1996, he was appointed Official Historian of the Falklands Campaign in 1997. He was awarded the KCMG in 2003. In June 2009 he was appointed to serve as a member of the official inquiry into Britain and the 2003 Iraq War.
Professor Freedman has written extensively on nuclear strategy and the cold war, as well as commentating regularly on contemporary security issues. His most recent book, A Choice of Enemies: America Confronts the Middle East, won the 2009 Lionel Gelber Prize and Duke of Westminster Medal for Military Literature. ' Strategy: A History elegantly synthesises strands of thought.' - RUSI Journal 'This is an epic undertaking, of considerable intellectual ambition. It displays the familiar Freedmanian virtues: clarity, economy, proficiency, sagacity a compound of deep immersion, practised exposition, and a certain practical wisdom in it.
In strategy, everything is connected. Freedman shows us how.' - The Guardian 'To the best of my knowledge, this is the only book ever attempted on the entire historical and conceptual domain of strategy. Indeed, I am somewhat awestruck by the scope of the mission that Freedman set himself. Strategy is a very considerable, indeed monumental, product that no one else has had the temerity to attempt.'
- Colin Gray, International Affairs 'A discursive account with many interesting passages. There is much of interest in Freedman's book.' - Jeremy Black, History Today 'Arguably the best book ever written on strategy (in its widest sense).' - Gerard DeGroot, Washington Post 'Freedman offers a wide-ranging, scholarly and entertaining history of the concept. He ranges from David and Goliath to Peter Drucker, by way of Marx and Machiavelli - and emphasises the importance of responding flexibly to events.'
- Books of the Year, Financial Times 'This is a book of startling scope, erudition and, more than anything, wisdom.' - Janan Ganesh, Financial Times 'Magisterial. Wide-ranging erudition and densely packed argument.' - The Economist 'A fascinating, at moments playful book.' - Bruce Anderson, The Sunday Times 'Freedman's writing is admirably lucid, and the breadth of his knowledge and scholarship astonishing.Both as a history of ideas and as a work of reference, it is invaluable Erudite, wise and illuminating, Strategy is a book to be savoured and treasured.'
- Sir David Goodall, The Tablet 'This is an original and intriguing approach.' - Richard Overy, Literary Review 'A vast exploration of strategy that is difficult to read, full of surprises, and marked by unsurpassed erudition. It also is witty and reminds us that he in the world who knows most about strategy may be the one who is the most unimpressed with it.' - Victor Davis Hanson, National Review 'An ambitious and sprawling book.
With admirable candor, Freedman tells us that he received the contract for this book in (gulp!) 1994, and that he made a 'number of false starts' with the manuscript. Considering the daunting scope of the subject, this is entirely understandable. Considering the wisdom and analytical brilliance he brings to bear on that subject, it's been well worth the wait.' - The Daily Beast 'Will surely become a standard reference in the discipline. Ambitious and impressive.' - strategy+business.com 'A marvelous grand tour of the meaning, implications, and consequences of strategic thinking through the ages and in multiple contexts.
Freedman is a master of the subject and unsurpassed in his ability to unravel the twists and turns of strategic complexities and paradoxes.' - Robert Jervis, Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Politics, Columbia University 'Lawrence Freedman shows here why he is justly renowned as one of the world's leading thinkers about strategy, which he defines as the central art of getting more out of a situation than the starting balance of power would suggest.' Nye, Jr., Harvard University and author of The Future of Power 'Erudite, wide-ranging, and covering an astonishing array of subjects relating to strategy.'
- Azar Gat, author of War in Human Civilization 'Freedman's writing is admirably lucid, and the breadth of his knowledge and scholarship astonishing. Both as a history of ideas and as a work of reference, it is invaluable Erudite, wise and illuminating, Strategy is a book to be savoured and treasured, not least in its conclusion: that 'in the end, all we can do is to act as if we can influence events. To do otherwise is to succumb to fatalism.'
' - The Tablet 'So erudite, so wide-ranging, and so knowledgeable. Impressive achievement. No single book on strategy is as intellectually intimidating; and none moves as easily as his does across time and space.' - The World Today 'Immensely learned and wide-ranging, beautifully written and full of insight. A fine book.' - Michael Williams, University of Hertfordshire. Mackenzie Book Prize Strategy A History Sir Lawrence Freedman From Our Blog Today, 17 May, is Armed Forces Day in the United States, celebrating the service of military members to their country.
To mark the occasion, we present a brief excerpt from Lawrence Freedman's Strategy: A History. Posted on May 17, 2014 At the end of each year, people around the world look back on what's passed and what they've accomplished — including the books they've read and the knowledge they've learned. And then in January, the rest of us try to catch up and figure out what we need to know in the new year. Several Oxford University Press titles landed on prestigious Book of the Year lists in 2013, covering everything from the history of strategy, the dissection of austerity policies, to the ascendance of China in the global political arena. So we pulled together a quick list of illuminating facts to give you a jump start on 2014. Posted on February 17, 2014.